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ʱ򣬷Լŵ-----ҵ˽˹ԢһҸо൱Ծĵطİ컨壬İİɫİĴ͡һҴǰؿҵģİֵͷ 

ˣǸֵͷҰͷתʱʵ 

˵İƣҲǳİӦòʶˣһжһߴ˴Լʮ꣬ȻϣǾˬĿ⾼һ˵ľܸɡ 

˭ʡ 

䡣˻ش˵أ֪Լ˭𣿡 

磿ֵ֡İĻİİ֣ҸȷԼʶˡǣΪʲôط˵ʻתʡ 

һӡҲû𣿡Щĵʵòջӻײͷɣ 

ջԣײͷҵؼһͻȻѹûҼˣΪղˣ׼ȥ·ײ֮Բˡ 

𣿡 

ȻǶϿĲʻǸȴ¶൱Ͱĵıããһһһײɸأڿõˣʹһȴһֱ侲Цģֻе𵴺ֹۣһʱûˡ 

𣿡˼ĿǸˣ֪òл 

ˣͻȻʵһʼһĿңȴһ뿪˵ӣܸܲ뵽ʲô 

컨壬˵ȻҲʶ㣬Ҳʶңȴ֪ңҺ֪ò٣֤˽µңȻ֪ҵԭ򣬵һѾ֪ҳǷʮǧ޿£Ҳ֪Ҹռʻ£ңɣԤıġ 

˵͵Ĺâãǽ˾еˣȻ򵥣ôҲ֪ΪʲôҪ㿩 

Ϊ㿴ҵԴ˹˵Ҳ֪һǷʮǧ˵ǺĲҪǴ㻨ʮǧҰɣ 

̫ˣ˵᲻̫߹ԼأʮǧɲһСĿ 

˵ֻһСĿѡ ˵˵ҿԴԷƱʮǧĵȷȷֻǸСĿĽѾʮˡ 

ô׼ôʮǧأ 

ʱԼ ˵ ٶʱǮ׬ ÿνԼǷծΣʱõֶΣ顣 

Ŷ? ҺȤ֪ԼȥǮ׬ġ 

ѾҵˡҵЦ˵οң֪һ˰ɡ 

֪Ĳࡣ֪ԭǸʦӢʦִգʦʱ䲻Ǻܳȴʶ׸ɣɪ˿ʼȦܿģʦΪһ֤ȯͣרŰһЩǮ˳Ʊƾ㾫ͷԺ͸ǿ⽻ֶΣĽǮ͵λѸٵ̶ֵ䣬ĴȦ˲֪˲ʱ˳ָ͸߷Ͷʡ㳣һҹ֮䱩Ҳһҹ֮һƶϴеǱǮӢᣬЩ̫̫СһĽŶһҹģҵͷԺ͹˵ĵʶ֪Ĵ˾ҵϰ㣬ȱǮҹҹΪ̵ϷԼΪһǣľպʹ̼ 

˵ͣҡ 

Щҵʵ 

žЩˡһ㣬뵽ʲôƵĽ˵ĶǲŮġ 

Ҳסƽļһ䡣 

֮Ǳ˴ĬĬؿŶԷʵ˵Ҳᱻ˵飬ҵĹȥʲôܣˡ֪ͱ˽£ҿԱ֪ǲ뱻˽⣬˼ʼ˽ˡ 

ȴƳĬǻûʽҽܹأһƬңдŻܲ-䡣 

ԭǻ䣬ǻ硣ҷƬҽ˵棬֪ǸǷʮǧɵϡ 

Ƿʮǧɵȥ¥ˡ 

ΪɵϣҲûȥ¥ҳ⡣ 

ͻȻЦ˼˼棬Ҷˡ 

ȻҵңɲԸⱻ¡ҴЦ˵ 

ûȨ棬Ǹܴ̼Ϸม 

ڻе㷢գˣʺ̫̼ϷҲϵ 

Ȥģ˸ʵ㿴⼸ʱûʲôӡ𣿡 

졭ʣұ۾һ£͵ۣضһ˫Ц۾ 

ˡ϶˵ 

̲Ǽź༯ŵŹ˾ҷ˽̾Ϣ˵ԶǵԼǱ̲ʱĴ㵣ҿϵĳƱɰֽԭǷʮǧ֣ŸΪʵܲãЦҵĿɶͷ 

Թ޵ĿңҪ̲ҹ˾ҵСһǻʵܲãֻǹѡ˽˵ҲΪһ¡ 

ƺҪˣҵҪһûΪļֵ֪ǷʮǧģѾҸȤˡ 

һСĶӣʮ꣬ɴꡣ 

ôģĻ䣬ԼԼֿʼڶꡣ 

һѧ㲩Ƶֶһ㲻¡ 

ˣڵĸˡҲɫһһ߰˵ 

ҲëǼԴĿˡëһ첻ģһ첻İѹ˾棬Ҫ·ǳ򵥣һ㰲£ֻҪԣʣžˡ 

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ûбˣʡ 

ûбˡٴ 

ǵ͹ء˵ô򵥵²ֵʮǧɣ 

Ҳǵ͹㣬Ҳֻ˵Ժ֪Ѷ˰Ϊѵ˵ 

ʵûõġûаѻ˵Ϊҷǳֵ֪ʮǧ⾿ʲô 

˵ɣҲ֪ϲ̼Ѷȸߵ£˵Ӧรһʹѻ˵һ߸Լ·˵ һร 

һ-----ҵĶǰϲŮӣһȻ÷ʼȥʱ꣬عŮ˦ŪǷֵԭ򣬲һһ˵úأĲˣҺ磬Ǹϻ۵Ůϧã»һ쳵ȥˡ 

һ㶡 

һҽԺ£ȵԺҲŷѾϤĶˡóĬᡢκˣҲκ˸ػͰѾκȤˡ滹ʲôأ ̾Ϣţ棬Ŷʮ갡Ҫʵʱ̣ȴʱķˡ 

ҽʧѷȥ̸һɣ˵ʲôҲͻȻ䱿˰ɣ 

ûҪһ㡣 

סˣȻǳŭĶĿҵ˵ι ϡ ϡּҿǸϲŮ𣿡 

󣬿һϲ㣡 

ϲΪ˵ңͬҰŮֺʡ 

ؿңһʣΪʲôЦңΪʲôûΪڿЦ 

ΪûڿЦûĴ 

ܴͺܴ˵ԡ 

ʲô 

һ¸塣 

ʹͬסʡ 

һ׶ԣҵļֵʲôҪ 

һΰĸףһµĸף 

ôʡ 

Ϊʲôң룬ʵ 

Ϊ㹻ҡ˶ʣḻ̼һûеһҲӵʹҲԡ 

ȷǺܻ뷨֪ġ˵ҲĴ㣬ԲҰ첻 

̫ǿ𣿡˲û̫ʧ ˵Ϸ˵̼ 

ѾϷˡ˵ҪľܰΪϷҵԭ 

ϷΪиҪ𣿡ʡ 

˵ҵĺһα 

Ҫһ㣬ԸеģʹȨаٷ֮ߵĹɷø㡣㲻ܰһ 

ף⻰ʲô˼ⲻǰһѼ𣿲˸飬ҪǮֻҪһϷͲʮǧľ޿ܵõʰٷ֮ߵĹȨ 

ûɣôࡣ˿ҵɻ˵ұ˵һ㣬ֻҪһģ͵ˣ㲻òʵĹȨһҪ̻ʮǧ򡣡 

Ҳͬ˵ȻҲϴ⻰û˵ 

Ϊܼ򵥡˽˵һҪˡǰҲ˵ȥûͱʶˣȥˡҲȥţôϷͻ 

ѹʱòԾԭôһڵ 

ôʡ 

ΪϷеԥˡһ֪˵滰һһЩ£ٴ󲿷ֵġҵֱһ׼ڶְ˶ޱ׵ϷҲܾɣҪʮǧ䲻ʲô£ҪԼʮΰ˴βŴյһʽȻʽΪ֤ȯ˾ʵʵطܶһزŻʮǧô붼ܼࡣ 

ðɣ㲻;ıĻҴӦ˵ 

ᣬôࡣ˵ֻҪ׿˵Ӯˡ棬һ׼Լġ 



ڶ 

һصҵŵڣ绰˵һ׼ȥϰˡ 

ҵѾˣҵϷҲʼˡ 

߽ʣֱ߽˸ɲרõʮ¥ȥӽ쿪ʼҾǻ󻮲ĲˡҴʱ̨С׷ 

˭ԤԼ𣿡 

΢ЦǸ˵ˡǽ棬ε󻮲󻮲ôߣ 

λСһ֮Ц˵ԲԭǽҴ㵽İ칫ҡ 

ȶкˡ 

ƿҵʱ칫ңȴˣҽͬʱվ 

һ߸ݣźڿ۾Ҽǻ麫 

ӭ֡ 

ϲºָˣҲֺգǽ棬Խ档 

λ󻮲ٻԡΪҽվԱߵһˡ 

á˵һߴҽžûҺɫˡʮӣװһ࣬Ǹ൱ȤˣźеʵͻȻð׬Ĳְ֮ңȻҺɫǻòĺ֡ 

ôģ϶๵ͨ˵Ȼȥܲñˡ 

뿪ҵ칫¡ٻһ˵ôҲ 

²ҽе 

عͷһҲβסĵ⿴ҡ 

Щ˵Ϊճһʱ𣿡 

ԡǿ 

ô˵ҵİ칫ǰĿºҽ˵һûʲôˣûڴ˾ҵϹ࣬ԲǺܶء 

ٻ¶ɻ顣 

һЦ˵ǿŻ䶭³ĹϵģҹһʱᱻԭĹ˾ȥ⹤ȥ֮ǰһֱһ˾ʵϰҸװлʱһڴӦˣڼա 

֪ҵʱԵĹȻ˲١ԭ˵ 

ˣرǻһܾΪ뿪ʱϣܵõƽۡ 

ǣôҲաٻҵĻӦҵҪ 

ҽ˾ʱûкͻһ棬ԭҽȥǰһȥǿˡҳʱϤ˾ºҵ񡣳ٻԺԴҶɽпҵİ֡ 

ææ»»ع˼죬ϰ࣬ճݣ̨С֪ͨ˵ܾˣٴҵҿᡣ 

ڻˣϷҪˡ 

칫ҵ;˳ٻԡôܾˣڻء˵ 

֪ˣҰѶŻذ칫 

ˡٻԶ˵Ҿߡ 

ţλܾĹͦء 

ʮˣºҿϯλˣλ----һˡ 

ʱȴͻȻ˻һĿ⣬˳Բﳺͷβһ飬ȫҵһ¡ 

ȻǺսԡ 

Ϊ˼򵥵ĽܣһĬĬţһ仰Ҳû˵ƺҼ뵽һŲʡĽϺ󣬻ʽʼ 

һĿںĵĵشһΪһĴͰٻ̳ǣΪƽףǸĿصѾѡˣһǰЩҲȥˣʣµľͶ꾺أҺＯʽͳнˡ 

ܺĹ˾ȥʵҵż⣬ֻʣ°ټѴˡ 

ţһ˵ŻҲѿ˵ΪʲôҪȥҴ˾ѡټѴ 

һһۣûлش 

һܾΪʲô˦ٻסҵֱ֣Żһʡ 

Ҳ˷ʱ£в׵ĵطȥһ˵ 

̵Ϊߵ㡣ʵҵż൱ʵĴ˾Ϊۺʽõõѡҿƻ飬̳ǸĿرҲߣ˵ŵĻһǵĳⲻ 

㡭һе 

ҶͶʲ˵ǲûайţǶԷʾȤ 

û˻ǮȤġЦ˵ǲ¡ 

˵ʲôһϾǴˣҵĻ 

ȥ˵һҹ˾ΪĿĺ׵˵ 

ƾǲܵģҲ˷ʱ䡣һȻܾ 

ܾô˽Ұ 

˭˽ˣһȻȻķ 

㲻˽֪ʡ 

ңҲʾضһŨŨĻҩζҴҴһ£һСıǹ߻ 

ɢᡣһͻȻҵĶ˵ڴһûӦʱſȥˣһ˵ 

ȱĻȴһҿ˹дˣһȷǽҸߡŻذ칫ҵ׺͹°СŻһİ칫ҡ 

һһ㿪żɽʵͷ˰ɣ 

ȻµȴǺȷҰæǵģ˵ͷָ䶭³Ļ˵ 

ġһӦǶǸµĸ״˵ġӦʲôԶ뿪һ㡣㲻ϣڿʼᱻȥ 

ʮǧ̲סЦ˵һֲɾͿϸʮǧɵϣҵȻϧǣɵϡ 

ЦʲôҪΪͷΪҾͲôûõģڹ˾˵㡣 

ܱǸҶޱĻһ˵е㲻һ³״ӦģΪǸľ֡ 

ʲôһŵҡ 

ûҺͻ³֮Ķľ֡ 

˵һ㡣һ 

Ƕĵ᲻ᰮҡ 

һΪ̫ȶЦԼһ㿪ʲôЦں˳ 

ʵ˵˵㲻ܻᰮңҶĵ㲻ܲҡ 

е 

˵̨ʡ 

ȻӦĶľ֣ңͷӦʲôˣ 

ǮλҴ 

˵أʵ 

˫ 

 

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Ͳܻɹˡ 

ԿĻô֪ 

Щ²Ҳ֪ңһҲִţ𣿡ղŶԲŵȴôִţⲻǱľһʼǳ󻮲ְλİɣ 

Ǹ˵ˣ 

ˡ 

ߣȻǽǮλȫˣһҵķ񶨣˵ȥһֱͷľְɣһ첻㣬һŲλãһݸн 

Ҳɻ³ҵģò۰ɡҲЩˣǷʮǧľ޿нʮСĿһء 

ͷӵǮҵǮһ˵ 

ǮǮʡ 

Ȼһ˵ 

ҵǲܿƵ˵ҺٻЦһʵ̲סˣźۼ΢΢ͷҾЦˣһ֪ϰָҵʮǧĻʲô飿 

ͻȻһӰǰһ֪ʲôʱߣ̧ͷЦ¶ǰ 

üؿңƺ֪ôá˺һʵôһᰮ㣿 

ĵ⣬Ҳųԡ˵ 

㡣뿪ߣصǵĶľֺ޹أǾԲᰮġ 

ûϵѽһﰵ˵ҪǴʽʱһй̶ĹѣֻҪ㲻ֶΰҸߣ͹ˡ 

һ˵Ȼ˻ʣ͵Ϊ¡ҺĻֻڵʱ䣬ʱһͶʲ֣𣿡 

ǣǳףллܾᡣ 



 

Ĺÿ춼ŵģһӱæµⲢϲʽϲĲڵæµǰִ̼ÿСʱʮʮʽҵִ̼Ϸͣҵ౻൱ǿ׳κ鶼ܱ侲̩֮ȻڱҾֻרעڹĮˣǵܾͬһˣǸֺõģߵ쵼ߡ 

ᣬʵҺϲʣҲϲ˽нףϲǮܵ硣 

ռ乫˾鱨ϻҲʱ䣬Ǳ븶ģν֪֪ˡսʤǰڹķأһʱѾϰ˼Ӱˣ뿪˾ʱ򣬹˾ﳣֻʣһˡ 

ּӰൽʮ࣬ǰ޺̵ĴʱȴһҲͣƣ۵ֻϿصҵĵϢҵĳȴʱê 

æµȫΪޣêһҲֻ֡ʱصҲ̫ջˡ뿪˦ţųŵ֧̣˰ѳǰԼ̡ܸ 

֮ʣһŮڨҿȥǸֻȸһŮˡ˵ǽϵݺ̬ȴЩݺһ𣿡ʡ 

š˵ݵĿӶ 

ҪҪNne night stay?ǿûоܾ˼ֱҪ˵ 

ҵĳêˡ˵ɲԸվֵطűҵġ 

ҪгͣǱߡָָһɫķ˵ 

ҲŮҲиᣬԴջҲȤϧʵ᲻¡Ƕ˵С㣬ҿǸ̺ม 

ҿһᣬͻȻšŽżҡ֪ԼòŮϲʣĺۣܻӭ˸עҪȱһ 

ƿҵŮʱ۽ȴһɫܳͣҵĳԣʻλϵҳһ 

㲻רġŮ˷ſңҶźɫܳ˿˵߰ɣ 

ҵ˾ҵȷǿԲ̾˿˵ԣǸˡĲɵһɨ˵Ů˻ֵ󣬳֪ΪʲôͣĻһȥ 

ɰܾЦ˵ 

ǲɡҵĻ˵ĳô𣿡 

·ê˵ǳ̫ͣˡ 

ϳ˾ͺˡ˵ 

ڵȡ 

Ѿˡͷ 

æ˻ȥϳ˾˰عͷһͣ 

ҪһûгܲɣܲôϲңǺʿȵʵ 

֮á˵˳ϳ 

Ҫֱӻȥбĵطȥ 

뵽207šѾ۵ʲôطȥˡ˵ 

𣿡Űɵʵ 

֪ɿҺŮӵǵҵĻҲ͡αϣ˿ 

㿴ۡһ˵˳𣿡 

ᰡ˵Ȼܴ󣬲˳ 

һʻųת˸䣬˵Ǹľǵ𣿡 

Ϊʲôȥʸʡ 

˵ǵ£ֻǾ֣㲻ĵӡ 

ָϻĹ̫𣿡ҿһ˵ϲʵ˰ɣҺŬĹϣܲĺøа 

ǸԸеŮҲΪ˲ҵĺøУ 

֮⣬ȻŸղŵ¡˵ż·ߵĻҲǴɡҵЦ˵ 

һרļʻĿбӣҵĻÿɷ񡣳ӿĵһͣ³ȵĿƯԺӡ 

ĵԼµķӣǺܴ󣬵㹻һסˡǰԺŴôľ׮ģһԱм䴹һʵĵĻڵϾͿԿǶ 

ǸעܵˣƼ򵥵ĵʵϱȶĺլѵû࣬ʵĹ 

סһʡ 

ԡΪҵĹ˳˵ллһټٿЩ㵵ĻһҿԺֱӽݡ 

ƣĵ绰¼źƣ˴˵绰˵У 

żҲ뿪һˣȻһϢûС 

ǰĵ绰ֽ˵绰㣿 

㡭ڼҰгһ 

иߺ㣬ǴѧʱѣҪá 

Ҵʮε绰㣬㶼ûиңæ𣿡 

һ߿Żһ뿪һ˵ȷʵĵæʲô£ 

ûûʲô¡ֻǡǺܾû˰ɡ 

žΥ˵Ũ⣬ҲΪʲôֲ绰ԭǰұ׵ʱҾܾˣΪ˱ܿҵѧһꡣٴʱһΣҶ˵ҪôҪôѣѡһɡѡѣżͨ绰żһԸСŶҵĸߣҲװŲ֪άѵĹϵ 

æˣһ绰ġ˵ 

ѽæʱ𣿡͸ЩΡȻô˵ˣʱһɡ 

ţġ˵ 

ͺãֻҪÿ춼ÿ־ͺˡ˵пٸҵ绰ɣټ 

ټµ绰ҿıڵƣȻԡҳ˸衣ǸҵÿԱװģҵȻҲ⣬Դ˵ĵ˵ÿصĵĵһ±ǳѵףȻԡҺúõһ衣 

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档 

ԷѿڶòһӱϳҡҽסЩ죬Ϊҵһθ绰 

ι𣿽棿ΪҵľĬԷȷš 

ǵģǽ档æ˵Բô绰㡣 

ᰡڲǲʮҪҪһ 

ˣ 

˹棬˵ܶˡ 

ǣЦˣƺ˾̫ܲʧ𣿡 

ڸҿЦԲԣ棬һֱ֪ϲ򵥵ķ 

ðɣ˹ǺѣҲֻƺԷֵġ˵ 

ܺá˹-Ц˵ȻҪĻЩ롣 

ôһæɣ˹ 

˵õһ졣 

Ҳμļɶԡ 

棬㻹ôɣϸѾˡ 

ԲҪʽ롣 

ףΪʲô 

ʵҵܲʿ-³Ҳμɶԣ԰ɣĻᡣ 

ҿΪ㡭 

Ի󻮲ݡҴĻѻ˵꣬ҽ뻪ʵѾ֪˰ɣ 

˹-ڵ绰Ǳ߳ĬһŻʵô˵ĿھܾǽͶȥˣ 

û˵ 

Ϊʮǧ򣿡˹ʵбԭ𣿡 

һЩծ˵ 

˭ģһģ 

ǻġ 

һΪʲôأ棬ûкǩԼɣ 

ûС 

Ǿͺã˹˵һѹġ 

ҺܱǸ˵ 

ˣһҪǸ˼ûС棬һôԸԣҾϲ㡣˵ɣô㣿 

лˣ˹Ц˵ҪһǸҵģһš 

Ǹһİɣ˹ӿ˵ 

ǡ 

ðɣ˹ˬ˵ͻ͵һῴڻݵϷġ棬ҪݵɫรмǲҪԼҲ˽ȥ 

ô𣿡ʡ 

֪ж˹˵йоϻܱ󡣡 

õģһڴֵز˹´İɣǳллİæټҹ˵绰 

һ׼ֻǾλ 



 

νļɶԣǰļֻ࣬Ϊһʳѣû൱ݵλǲμӵģҲиġ 

ҵݺ⣬ֻһСС֤ȯͣûҲûλҺȦ˶н飬ɶҲϯ˲ٴΣֻÿһζܵͷѡ 

һҲǸֺ󣬽һͻȻĹ˾֮ǰ˻ȥǰ------Ź˾һǶ緱ǵСҵ֮һˣ̲ǺеĻʻδĳ̶ܵע 

⣬֪һҲȦ⽨һԼ罻ͻҵں̶ܴ϶ǿͽǮάϵģһٻ͹ϵ˵ڵĻѱȹȥҪӴöˣһȴ͹ȥһȦĬĬšǺĹϵʶĻᶼûС 

Ұ˹-ļĸҵ뿨ȥһ̧ͷҡ 

ʵҵʿ-³żŵ￪ȻȥμɶԣǸᡣ˵ 

Ϊʲô뿨һʣͽ˹-ĺ𣿡 

е㽻顣˵ 

ֻ˽Ļҵ뿨׼˰ɣ 

ȻרŰôġûа⻰˵ΪʵûҪֵһصƫģ˵һʼȥԼŻȺͶԷȻӴӡٰ֮еĻͻ˳öˡ 

ֺϷһ˵Į޻̡ 

뿨£ֻһȯѣ˵ֻҪյˡ 

ǣ 

ҡҿһۣ˵ԷҲͬݵܲã㲻װ˷ɣ 

Ӧʾڹؼʱôһ˵ 

ܾ˵ʵ̫ˣֻҵļƻѣʱоܾȨҵ̬ˣôԭ¡ҾôֺˣҶ˶٣ֱ۾˵ҵļƻԹ˾Ϊǰģ˻ᣬҲʵǷ˵Եأ 

ûзԡһطţֻҪ㣬ѼƻжǰҪ˵ʾҪԲȡжûоȨġ 

ðɣôǴһϯɶԵİɣʡƽС²ΪȻ 

һȥ㡣˵ 

ףɻؿ 

ĳû޺ò𣿷Ϊ˹£һȥ㡣 

ϸĵģǳ֮⡣Ҵ˽賵ĴӦ 

ص칫ңٻڵңһһʣô 

ʲôô 

ܾĻش𰡡 

Ȼͬɡ˵˱ˮȥСΤ٣ϰൽһûȹһˮء 

ٻԸҺ棬Ҳˮˡ뿨ŪͶʲοˡ 

Ϊʲôʡ 

Һ±Ͷʲڰ죬ΪڻԵܾŻ񽻸󻮲ġ 

Ⲣʲô񡣡 

ȷͶʲѾʧܹˡûʲô֮ǣ˴ҳƽ 

ʲôۣ̲סЦЦ 

档ٻҵļ˵Ǹ˲ţڻʵĻ㲻ÿԵϸء 

̫߹ˣʲôҲûУҾͺˡ 

ôǫ飬ô̵ʱѾȫ˹˾ΪεôõļƻЩһܰ쵽ģʵ˵硣ʵĳٻ˵ 

ôˣϰʱλȴڲˮ죿һҺͳٻͬʱ̧ͷǻһ 

ĻһٻæѴҼϵվֱӣһ˵ͷ뿪ˡ 

һĵȴɵЧ 

СΤ٣ȶԼ˵ܾҪ𣿡 

ʲôһ㶡 

Ȱ 

Լһű˹浹˱ȡھߵʱ˵²Ѿǽ˻ˡ 

ףҾȵĿһۣ漴˼Ц̫ϧˡ 

Ҫڰ칫ĵط顣ŭ˵ 

ܾ̫ˡ֮乴ǵ顣Ҷ޶ԡҾ˫Ҳʾһÿ˶ģֻĶѡ 

ڵĻһѾٱԴŵˣޱ飬עҺһȻ΢ı³֣ѻƪ 

ͻһĹϵûʲôչǺҡ 

ɶ죬һԼң߳ĵڳԵҵĻһʱҴסˡ 

Ǹ˽ûдװһˮɫĳɫǽʵ޳ϡ΢ͷЦЦһ˫ٴѱ۾иԵ΢΢ϣճһƯĻΡԭǸӢͦݵˣڸ˼ɢɫýʧ 

ôˣùеƽʵ 

Ҳ΢΢ͷʻһȥһ˵ûʲôǳɡ 

涪ΪһʼֻźȻȻĺòŻһοһһġ 

岻𣿡һϳʵ 

ûʲôɡ˵ 

ٿһۣ㷢˳ӡ 

˵ͽ˹-ĲһĽ飬Ƹ˾Ĺʡһ߿һһ߿˿ڡ 

ʼˣЦ˵һҲ⣬ǳ¡ 

²ϡ 

Ǿְأ˾ľӦþ˽һô˵֪˲ȤĻһô²ϸһĴͶʲǻҵ 

ô˵ĿһʣΪʲôôõ 

ô˵Ǻ󲢲֪Ƿʮǧ¡ţƺҲǲܣΪǱծҴӦʱѾһˣǰ󲻵һڡ 

ΪҺ㸸жľѽ 

ҵɵϡһ˿ŭΪöľֶȥĻǸ׳ա 

Ҳɡ 

˵ʵҲ²²µϷ 

²²£̲סЦȻҺСĵŤͷȥûĻһͯʱھϷʱ֪Ϊʲôúܻ 

˵ųĻһ˵ 

ðɣȻֻøˣ㸸׵Ķľڽ˾Ƹһ֮ǰԭһ˫㸸׵ĶľٴӦ˾µģ㸸׵ĵҲ֪ôôһĹˣһչûУҼƻˡ 

һ¶һĨЦ˵ܰ 

Ŷҹ 

ԸнƸʣ˵һе㱾£ЩСôϰֶõĶľ֣˵вмӼôʶģ 

ǲСˣ̲סһ䡣ʱĽӴ֪һֶרУոõɵϣ෴ģȽϽ侲ѣ˵һǡĪ⡣ûо˼ǶʳĻȫصϣҪͻҪɻȥеѡ 

ôˣҲȥ𣿡һҶ˼ʱ䡣 

ʶ㸸׾ͲǸˣǸõ˼Ķľ֣˵Һ㸸֮ûȤ֪ҾͲ˵ˣڽƸҵʵ£ˡ 

᣿ʲô᣿һѳֱ·ѾԿ˹-ĵı----ձˡ 

Ϊ˹-ĻĹʲΪҴҴŶ΢ЦŻһ˵Ϊˡ 



 

˱˹-ĳӭǡʮ˹ߴӢЦݺͿŵоֹ˵鱼ŵ塣 

Ϊ˼򵥵Ľܡ˹Цݣ̸ЦһɫӸղڳҵǾ仰ʼͱúѿԭͲǸʵˣڱøѽˡ̬Ȼݵ壬ʹҷƺûб˽Ŀġ 

˹-Ǵ԰ȥ¥ݣ棡һĨӰѸٵ˹ǿƵԱߵǽϣһûŪʲô£ǸҵĴ 

ǱײǱǡľ޷֪Է˭ֻܴ˫ŨˮζжϳԷλŮԡǸǷǳ飬ҳռֱҿ촭ˣԷŷſҡ 

ҿƲסԼ˿ˣҲЦޣмܲסˡ 

ҵŮ󷽵ءǺǡЦ棬ϲĬ 

ǿ˹ʿŮҲ֤ȯʱĴͻһ򶼺ܹңתͷΪһʱԱվˣ˹һЦһĨʣһޱĿңڳһŭ 

Ǹҵ飬ðɣһʼûҺɫЩԱѸ׵һ˿Ĳ졣 

֮ǰҺͻһѷɺҸҲʵҵʿ-³żŵȻǷֿжԼķӽĿꡣ 

һӦһȺѰʿӰͼͤǱ˵ŻǼ֮һүү˹ʿ 

ôүү˹ʿкҶ˵ 

үүȣһֱͤǱ߲ЦţҴȥ 

ǣҵ֣ͤǱȥһһߺ˺šǽ̸ʱҵ΢Цţʱزһ仰ԼɷߵҸСӡⲻҵĴΪֹһôʹˣ 

棬ŮһòѾ˰ɣ 

ʱǻش˵ǧᣬ̫ʧˣҲǸҸˡ 

ǹάƺѸٵ뿪Щˣ˱ƵݸңԹ˵棬ѵûܰס𣿡 

ʲôҼװȤصʵ 

ûʲôæ˵ָһŮģ߰ɡ 

Ҫһûĵ⡣ȻҴδ˵⻰ƺ֪⣬ҿκϲҵ˽ӽңȴռһҵ˽ 

үүͤſ˹ʿ˵к 

ã˹ʿǰþòˣǽ档 

ҵȻ֪ǽ档˹ʿЦ˵а겻˰ɣôˣ 

ʮĿ˹ʿһͰ׵ݣʶҽ̸ȵҵļ˵˵뿪֤ȯģ 

ģЦ˵Ƹڻʡ 

ʣǸ̲Ǻ˾Ļʣһ˵ 

ҺͿ˹ʿͬʱȥϣ˵ǲʵҵʿλǡҹʵ 

㲻ʶ𣿡˹ʿʵǲʵҵܲʿ-³ڽˣ棬Ȧô꣬Ȼʿʶ 

Բ𡣡æʿǸ̫ªˣܸʶ㣬³ 

ÿʿˡʿ-³ֺգ𷢱ۣߴȽصղ˵Ƹڻʣ 

棬ʿ˵ûȷʵƸڻʣʿƺԻʺܸȤҿ֪ԭ𣿡 

رȤֻǡʿ˶٣ʵжˣ 

ãһڶѡ˵ôˣ 

ûʲôںĵĵطһٻ̳ǣһ֪ɣҺʱҹҡʿʵ˵ 

ԭҾȵ˵ôʵҵͻʺ 

ʿؿһۣ΢΢һЦ˵˵컪ʵܾһҲ𣿡 

ǲС鱨ôҲ֪һŵ￪ȻɡҲƣشʿ˵ûǺͻһģΪͿ˹ʿкŷֿġȻǺ˾뻪ܺܿҲġ 

棬ˡʿ˵һĩӦ͹˾ء 

ף𣿡װֳһԲҶԱ˾ҵǡ 

̫ǫˣʿеһ򵥡ʿ΢Цţܿһе۹⿴˵ܿͻᱻίΡ 

ᣬΪʲôϵһһһһ˵һֱվԱߵ˵ǵģѵõɶԣȴ˵ϵ¡ʿҲ 

ѽԲŮʿʿЦ˵ 

ƾղŵĽ̸ѾʿӡѾˡЦת˵ðɣС㣬ô̸̸ϲĻɡ 

𣿡ЦЩƻ棬รǸ㲻ҵŮ˵Ļô죿 

һ㶣ʲôСŮΪʲôֳ⣿̧ͷһең˹ʿʿĬЦתһߣһôش 

ʲô⣿ҿЦ˵ 

˵Ǹ㲻ҵŮ˵Ļô죿ִŵظ⡣ 

ôģ˵ðɣĻһ㲻ҪѲҴҡ 

ҵĻشԵüֲ⡣棬εȻָΪģ˵עġ 

ôһձԶ벻ҡһش˵ 

˵Զ𣿡ɫһ䣬ʵ 

ûҿһ˵ʵ̫ˣǼȻѡ˴ߣ֤ǸŮǸֻǴֺЦŮ񰡡 

˵úá˹ʿЦ˵棬ò˵òŮġ 

İɣʿҵ˵·ģΪǲҵȤ 

˵˹-˹ӴλĿ˵λϲСͤܲλߣҿɲһȥֻǵҵͤ 

ĻôҶЦʿͷһ߳ͤ˵˹ͤٻ֪׼˲ٵʳ 

˹ʿЦңҲҼɡ򣬰Щƽ 

˹˵棬ҲԵ㶫ɣɡ׽סҵı۰ 

߳ͤûԶһ̧ͷҿ˻һһžƱһֲڿб£ΧǰĸŮ˵Żˮɫĳ볨ţԼԼ¶ǺɫʵţĶţǸЦ˻Źȫչֳһ棬֪Ů˵ɱж󡣿ջС 

ţһֱֻ۴סҵһ˵ſң˹ 

Ϊʲô˹Ҷʵ 

֪Ϊʲôſң˹üͷ˵ 

˹ȥڼһֱϣôǲ֡һݣͰѹǽϣͷǿҡ 

סˣһ侲Ƶ˹-ǸǿԵҪƵʮ㡣շתңҲչʱſңǱشȻٴסңһεϸ߳һ˿ᣬ͵һæƿ 

𣿡òȶİƵ˵㲻á 

ʲôҲãҽǿҵ𣿺һǿ߼ 

˭Ҫ㣬˭Ҫһʿ˭ҪעŻһ㲻á˹ҵ˫˭ҪҼ㡣 

ô𣿡ʵ 

⡣˹˵أ𣿡 

ΪǸˣ㶪ӵĿ¡ѹҵĲ˵ 

Ϊֵá˵ 

Ҫȥˣ˵˿ڵңǻΪұҧء 

˹Ц棬˵һϲĬ 



 

һ˴ǰԺȥҪȥ𣿡һϤʵѸٵػعһվ岽Զĵط˵־ʹһǷһֱңҵȷʱųסҵġ 

ңǺΡ޹˼ɵĿ䵽΢׵ĴϣǱ˵䵭ĳʡ 

ĻҴžˣղŵһĻȫˡ͵͵ʿΪม 

ѡλòãȥϴּıؾ֮·ûзϡ 

ܣһߵһ߿˵ҵѾˣڴ뿪 

ô߰ɡ 

߹ɻؿҵҲˣҼȻҽģҾҪȥ 

ؾǣһ뿪е˹ı 

Һϻɫɣһųʡ 

˿̣ĵǸ޹أҸ˵Ϊϲǡ 

Ĭأ˹ؿһۣƺҵĻش֮С 

ΪʲôҪ£ʣϲǸǡ 

ûϸѿŤͷ 

ԼŲ֪ɣȻɫεúܺãҲޱ飬ŭ۾ȴΣյĹâó˹-ĺ 

˵ж˽Ƶġ̲סĻ˹ңΪ֪Ҳ˽ҡ 

ֵط㣬ΪʣǸ㿴ҡ 

Һ˵Ȼֻ档 

òŷϣ˹ΪѾ˵һСһ̬侲˵ 

Ϊʲôǻ˵ֻţһҪ֤ʵʲôҶĸ飿Թ˾ҳϣҺ˹֮Ľ飿һǣֻǴĶҵĸԷȤȡЦѣһԼ侲ȡȨȽϺá 

Ҳϡ΢ЦŽϻ⣬ֻеΪˣ˹ϲңἵҲ֡Ϊ˵Ǳ̬ںµأǶ˹ȤǶȤǺһܸ˵ġ 

ʲô 

ϾΪ㰮Ҳŵġ 

ΪҰ㣬ǰֹһεıŮ˻ǣһ˵ΪʲôΪ˹-һ𣿱˵ǣΪ߹ĴǶյġ 

ðɡЩ⣬㾾ǲš˵Ȼ㰮һһξ룬Ȱһô 

ǷһţɴǱȽϺ𣿡һֱ˵ˡ 

ЩؿһۣϽǶӲںÿ϶һӦḽ͵Ҫ 

ڻһڣÿƽʮСʱϣ෱ҵͬʱںͺӴ£ҳȷһ˶١ 

ϣûл⣬ڳң 

ֻǿлһСС֮λôʲô˵Ҿ㣬ֻ㲻Ҹ׵Ǹ޴Ķľˡ 

ҽסЦˣһȻҵȴôҲ벻ҵʮǧ򡣡˵ҵǳ򵥣ֻҪ㸸ǰ˵㰮ңҿʲôҪҪΪʰװ׹һҲԸ⡣ 

ڿЦ˵ 

ûǻ¡ҿ϶˵Ҳ֪㲻Ӧ͵ʲôҲû˵ɡҺ㸸׵Ǹľֲܽ⿪ġΪʲôҲ˵ȥ㸸ס 

֪һͻĹϵǳã̫̫ûٵıˣͻ֮繤ͨ麫æġ 

һݺݵصһۣ˵˺ܲĻƵġһǵ͹㡣罻ȦĹϵ˽µֶҲܸ׾ܰŪڹ֮䣬ҺҸ׶һӰɡ 

ô˵Цһ߰ŪϢһ˵֮ܶǸľֲȡôĵĻ˵Ͽ찮Ұɡ 

ܡشôʾľġ 

ôԺָˡʼ粻Ϊ˵ʱѾĵſˡ 

³һ˵棬Ҫ˵ɵϣ鲻ô˳ġ 

ѱ˵ɵϣôأҿҲڿңơǰģʲôмһ˵Ŀݵôˡ 

˳һΪҲ˶øȤġ˵΢һͷصȥˡ 

ҽ˽⻪һˣһضҷǳˣͲǸ״ģ͵ˣ侲ء 

ǻһµĵطȴɢھӵеĸͲΣһ˼ܣӦˡ 

ת£ףˡһ˿һ̣ʱ˭ңʱ仹ô׼ 

ţվǺã档º͵΢ЦţǸջ 

㲻ǿһ˲ŵ𣿡Цˣ̲ס׽Ūƽ侲ˡ 

ȷҲЦˣ˵ܲ㣬Сʱˡ 

ͷҪңЩ⣬Ƕ˵ţ溫˳ϾǸͷҵĹ 

ҿαϣһʣ𣿡 

һ㡣˵ 

ôԱ۾Ϣһ£һ㡣˵ 

ʹɳϢˡ 

Ǽ֮ǰѾ˰ɡҺܿ϶˵ 

ǳȵѸٿһۡ 

㲻˵ҲԣҶ²ִšЦ˵ֻ㣬Ǹˣп뻹Ǻ̰ 

˵ΪҺӴò࣬һ˵ҵǴδ˵ڽǮκֻ֪ۡʦȴ֪ΪʲôôϤڽ硣ǶıӪз֤ȯСǣǸϵмң㳣Բɫ׾ٵͬʱŮ˻ˡ 

ͻȻֹסԼЦĳ嶯мңıЦЦ 

Ц𣿡һ˵ȴŲɡ 

ιιУϸ߱һмҵ˵ԾЦ 

ǫǸ˽Լ˵Ȳ˵òΪǸԴӱ˵￴һԵĮƱ䡢׽͸ĸԣŮǶ벶ģһ㡣 

Цˣ˵ǲܾŵġ 

ҵĿ˵ҪɡþյЦ˵ 

йҵĴ֮ԽԽͿˡ̾˿˵ʲôͬʱŮ˻ˣҵľûг浽ֵز 

һЦͱΪء 

ûʲôһξͻϰߵġ˵۾ 

ҶǺûеֿģ֪ǻߵˣйҵĵ鼸ͨתģһҵ˱ñ־룬һΪ̬ºͣҲ֪һ㡣浽ԼЦĵز 

ڳӵﻪǰʼձۣûٺͺ̸ˡҲûҡݺſ˵棬ǵม 

³ݡڲǰһΣҲֻеһ 

Ϊҽ˹ܼҰأض˵үڷϢԸ㵽֮ʹȥ 

ЦźҸ𡣡ô棬ȻȥˡԺܲõ˾Ḻġ 

ҵ˵ͷ͹ܼһ¥ķȥھսǵĵطұһ޴ͻס˽Ųͣۿ 

һٸФ񻭣óЩˣúܺá϶ûʲôݣ⸱ȴҵĿ⡣ٸԼʮ꣬Űɫ˿·ھ䶼ϵŷɫĴӡдһϣϦӺӳɽɫɵ㷢͸ŵЦǴҸ顭ڲ֪пζ 

ǸФǰȥܼҰ˵Ƿ˵Ф񡣡 

ףҳһһʱ֮ʵ޷λϸķ˺ǸĻͷһҲ޷ǸĮòĻһϵ 

˵еλǻķˣһĸף˲ò֤ʵ 

ûСүʱ㲡ˣ֮үûȢˣŮΪֹֻзһ˶ѡ 



 

߽Ǳͳ׷ķ䣬¶̨Ц˵棬 

еȣȴҲĲһӵĸоǵģ³˵ǿԼ߳¶̨ 

棬òŽҶ³һһͷӾͿˡЦ˵ 

˵ҲǸϲѰʵ׵ˣҲʵ̫̫ȤˡΪʲôֱ˵˳ 

㲻ͼһǹϵǳ̫ĳƺɵġ˵Ǹˣôƺҡ 

ôͷνΪ°ҲʵֳѺ֮ 

żȳЩɡЦ˵ 

ҿ׼õĵģһЩܼҰΪҵ˱ȡ 

֪ҶĬĬؿңȻݲȣ˹سŸ㣬һỺ 

棬ʱŴ󷽣ôǴӸԺģܹнһ 

ҵ˲úޱز˲죬ȻֱŻ˵лл˵ 

ѽ㲻Ҫ⣬ҲҪ㡣æ˵ 

ҪΪʵ侲̵˵ӸԺ˻ŵò͵ȷ˾ȡ 

棬ȵؿһ˵Ӧûһַʽ˵Ȼһòʼûа취һĸͶý˵ļɡ 

˵ˣЩᵽԼȥ̫̫ 

ţʱпһФɣǾ̫̫˵Ưɣ 

Ҳص˵ͷʾͬ⡣ 

 

˻Ӻ˵ 

Ưţӡ̡ĻֱӶ̹ϡ 

֪ҵһˣѱŮϵݴӦҪģȴ֪غ 

ϰ߶󡣡Ц˵ 

ȡЦˡ𱭣˿ڿʹԼʵΪʲôڸԺ£Ǹ֮Լɰɡ 

Ǹ˳鵽ģ˵Ϊ̫桭˵û뵽ô׸С 

׸Уҵ˵ô᣿Ѿûоˡ 

棬֪㲻׸жҽ䱸ĺء˵Ǽ¶Ӱܴɡ 

ĬѹͲԼ¡ 

վ˱ϣԶ˵ʱɣһĸҲһ겡ŵģĸΪ㸸ѳͬһꡣ 

ҲŤͷҹĺµȺɽɽȴ͸һĨŬƽϢűòΪʲôΪʲôҪֲĻ⡣ 

棿份 

ĸǸɵŮˣԼžúҸɡҵ˵ 

أĸ𣿡 

ûʲô˵ѡҶѾȫûӡˡ 

Ƭأ 

û¡ʼ˵ǸŮҲԳĸס 

㻹˵㲻ޡ̾Ϣ˵ĺɢˡ 

Ϊĺ氡ͷӡ˵ 

棬Ҳ̫˽㣬ǹ¶ͷ˵̫ˡ˵Ҳּ֪װļǿһˡ 

Ҳ֪ôشá˵ˣҲϲͷӣҿ¶ơ 

˵һѾ֪ȥˣżҲ̸Լת仰ʵ 

ţϵһ֪ˡ˵ 

ôô㣿 

֪䲻֪ܲһǰľԭԭ˵һΡú棬Ц棬ֻƵסһóһ취ûС 

û취ܶãھҺͺ̸Уͷӣ㲻ãҲһҶŻ˵ӸǸΪʧȥӶ־ˣҾܸɡ 

һֻŹӿһеĸҲ־һֱ֡˵һùܼҿ¶̨ĵƣ˺һౡңʾҷ 

ҷౡһҳһΪŴ˵ĲգһŮĺӰһһЩʱϳǸ˾ǻһƬĻһôӢڲ޶һĨ²õЦݣĨЦݰʱõ¶š§ߵŮȫҸˡ 

˺ÿƬǻһǸŮĺգҲϸؿǸŮӣʮֵƯȴϻۣԵü崿ֿɰǴŵɬݵվڻһߡ 

Ǿ硣˵ 

һ̫̫Ѿȥ˵硣ҿƬһŮӵİҴδıŮҳη𵭵ϧ֮顣 

ڵһֱܴɡ˵󣬰꣬ĺЦҲˡ 

Ҫô˵֪˻еģ˵ǻһԼ꣬ĺЦŪġ 

⻰ȻЩҾô˵űȽϹƽ 

ô˵һʧȥˡ˵ 

ЩƬʶ磬ûмǸӵĻһôİƬȴôĺгôȻҵĲԽطһ˿ɬ 

ౡʣȻһϲŮӣΪʲôҸŮҪң 

ΪûŮܵڵһʼش˵ˣԲҲ޷ӽ棬ŲţΨһһҰߴһϵˡ 

ǡΪʲôһǾвĵط 

㲻Ҫ̫࣬סҵĻ˵һ㣬ı֮һλŮģ֮ǰһаˡ 

еƵĻһ˵һжΪãǡô˵źأϾǳԻһԼԸһ뵽Ƿʮǧģҵһ֮ľȫʧˡ 

ڵҸһ£ǻġΪԼԼľûǶЩʲôҿʼĿˣһʱ֮Ҳ㣵ĵط 

棬ǧİһรҲ˺㣬԰ѳ˵ǰ俴˵Ǹǳ˽ˣֻҪΪ˶ӣʲôֶζϵġ 

ţֻǿԸ⻨ʮǧϷ֪ˡİңֲֶεİҴ߸ߣôǻһˣҿЦ˵ 

õģһϾһʱԻİ㣬᳤õģܿͻϲŮӵġŵ˵ 

⻰ȻˣʵûзֻǾʮǧȻ׬ 

Ұɣ档˵ 

һ㶣̧ͷҲڿң˫д͸۾ôܻһ˾ծĴءҵЦ˵мء 

ˣ𣿡ĽҴҡְ֤ȯг𣿡 

ǵԼûвְһɡ˵Ŭѹ±ӵĲá 

ûС棬ȱǮ𣿡 

ȱЦĵĿǺܴġ 

ĵԼСԢ˵ϲǵط 

ѣֻǵطˡ˵ 

Ҳûã˵ǸעܣҲܻܵˣĵĹй֮޲ 

˵һЦ˵ΪǶûмʶĹ˵Ǿ֮ˡ 

ɣ˵ұϾԵۼʶһ 

һ㶼˵ú˳ΪȫҵԸġ 

ԭˣ˵ͻȻֻصԭĻϣôнʮ޷Ŀ𣿡 

ҳĬˡнʮȻ㹻Ӧĵһпְֻ֧ΪԷһΪ˻һ޷ʱұ볥ʮǧ롣 

棬ҵʮǧȫĲǣ֮һĴЦݣ־˵ҲһӦһ֮ơһҲǸˣôһĶ׶㶯ĵġ 

˵˾ҪҷҵļְҲźۼ˿Ҫҷÿ춼ͶҿڴĳƱеѡ 

ҵĳĬ˵ҵԥ 

Ϸ򡣡˵ȱǮ㾡ҿڣһģ㱣֤ʮǧôѵġ 

ұøһ仰ȷʵģѾʮ˻ƵͷĽթͼĹﶼġ 

ᣬʮǧĽ;ϵңǷͷ׬ǮĹƱʹü˯ž 



ڰ 

ɸҵСΤǸܲŮˣͨأжѸ٣Чʸߣѵص˲ţҾԼ⺧Ҳûйݵĺġϲ˺ 

ʵҵҵˡСΤϷŵ˵ 

ҳ98굽ڵҵ 

ֻǲ98굽ڵҵԴӵϲ鵽 

ôȥɣҪ޸ĵ 

Ȼһʽݣһݵܲð칫ң 

ԡҳһЦĴϻ۱ʾ͡ 

СΤȥ󣬳ٻԽˡ棬ڿʲôʡ 

ûʲôǹڲʵҵһЩ˵ô𣿡 

֮е°ɡٻص˵ʵҵʿ绰ԼˡܾҸһ 

Լʲôʱ򣿡 

ߵ㡣 

ȷ֮Уֻʱ˵㣬ϵļϴκʿ-³ĵεΣԴΪˡ 

ã̧ͷֳٻԻվǶң¶ĳ޷˵顣 

ô𣿡΢Цʡ 

㣬ҾʵǺ 

ûǻָ֪¡ 

ڲͬʣܹ˾ÿ춼£ȴǲŲæӦ硣ţľ 

ѽôޣЩڵĻر˵²ĺ˵ҽŵò֪˵ʲôãô˳һе㻹Ӧء 

ףƺһǡ𣿡 

ҿЦ˵ֻǷӦٶһ㣬Ҳ²һо飬ҵĵڻҳһء 

ٻԿңһЦ 

ٻԲǸҽ뻪쿪ʼûСңˣֶεȴԵõöˡ̹ʺͳϿҳҾЩǸ 

Ѿˣ°ɡٻ˵ 

߰ɣ˴ŶѾ°˰ɡҿ˵鷳֪ͨСΤ°࣬ټɡ 

ǸǸҪ𣿡ٻʡ 

û⣬СΤ˺üİˣϢһ°ɡ 

أ 

ҲŪ̫ģЩļͻȥ 

ٻٿһۣ˵ʲôʲôҲû˵ͻȥˡ 

˸ʱҹĺ״Ƴϣ˾úܰҼѾŻعϣΪһļҲС϶ѵϸߵļУһ죬ļɢһء̾˿һ϶ûеĴ칫ͻȻһ칫 

ҵҵƽʱļƳҪҪõļװϺҡ 

һҾסˡһһڻϰļУһ˾ռ˴ӡңƺҲһ£Ȼ˵⣬һӡ 

ذļϻͻһôһһһʹŻ 

ϰߣ˼ʱ᲻֪ذĿĶһϣԼ޲³ҾǰĿⶨ˻һϣ˼˼ű顣 

ιι棬棡 

һʹһعӳһعģǻһָֻǷ֣һ̧ͷ 

۷ĶҵڿһΪءѵûһ˵˾Ц 

Ǹ顣˵ 

ʲô 

ҿһۣ֪ңǻش˵е㲻׵ΪʲôܾǺʲô˵ǲĺҲذΪʲôǡ 

ΪǸʡһȻ˵ 

ʣ 

ʿȻˣǲװ˷κһ׬ǮĻģοۣôҲƲҲͨ˺ع滮뻹ͶǿءΪ֮ǰ;ܾΪʹͬͶʸ̳ǣڿ̳ǵģͺһڲѡһ信һЦ˵һ¿ǺʱѲų⣬ȷʵеڶҲе㡭м 

һ˵ô̹ףôҲһЦһҵЦݣԹһۣȻݸһļ˵ǵſĺȿҲͬԽˡ 

ҰǸɷһΣļ˼̧ͷһǰרעؿҡǾԳƲҵӣȴĪļͬעӹΪʲôǻһĿʹ޷侲أǵģֲСӣȻᱻĿæֵͷ¿ļܿӵΣա 

ôһƺ˽ҵľеġԵʵ 

Ժ˵ӦǺܲһش˵ 

һĬ˺һʣΪʲô˵ֽȤŶŹ𣿡 

̸ʱŶԷֲòΪ֪ôǼƽС²ɣ˵֪Լ޷ʺ飬̧ͷֻ֧˵ǵģֻǡ 

̧ͷҡ˵ 

ĻҾˡ죬ôֻ̧ͷһ۶ѣΪһôѣŵĻֻʶԼǲɵͼٵĺ 

̧ͷ棬̧ͷҡһ˵ 

һյİĳƺͻȻʹ˲һˮһѸٵ侲ҾڸʲôΪ̫˵ԭʣҲΣаɡ˿̧ͷȻ򶨵ؿŻһ˵ԲҸոһ񡣡 

ң̽ĿҵϣõأҾúܳãң¶Դʧ 

ҲܵעţҺܾáⲻǴΪܲˣתͷʱֲӶӲˡ 

ΪʲôҪ۾ƿΪ㿪ʼҪˡһ˵ڼžĻ˲ 

ʼջ˵ɣ˵Ϊҷ㲻ջ󡣡ҵ˵ 

Ϊûĵջҡ 

еģΪǵĲͬܲɡЦ˵εĺʲô 

֪ҼڰǸ⣬һҲʹ˷Źң˵ҵ˼ⶨ 

ףҾؿ 

ʱֻܽóһ˵ 

濴ҡôܾأ 

Ҳ˵Ҳٿ;ɷͬԽˡ 

⡭ҲҲδ̫ͳ̫̫ˣ˰ɣҵŻһҲһЦЦĻؿҡ 

ܾ𣿡 

ûǻ¡̷˵˵ˣûоȨġ 

Ǿܾ뷨˵ɡ 

ҲΪ֮ȻѾǻʵһˣȻҪҵ˼һ˵ڿʼһʮĸСʱʱ̣Ҫһĺ 

һȻҵһ֪һһϲѱ˵ˡǿѡüͷ˵ 

ô᣿˵㡣һֱŬϣܲȡҵĺøУԼ˵ġѾǳͬĹôҪĹ㣬Ӧøе˲ǡ 

Ȼҵԭ⡣ 

ˣ͹ɡһ˵㻹ûɣ 

ţһţĬĬӦ 

Ǻһһ˵ܾ˵лҰɣָһӽҵĻᡣ 

ܾûһеˣȻһĮȤô˵أһƺʼҵϷȤˣʴڱطšǵģ˭˵ȤģǸͷӣ 

̧ͷŻһôˣɫʵôһէէɣ㵽ںʲô 

£Ҳطš 

Լ֪𣿡ϴԵĶ飬˵ڿһֻƣֲӵСè 

ˡƽһηԼӵԼѳƵĻأ㸸˵Ƶ㣬ֻֽƻֱɵǡ 

Ȼ󵭵Цǲ֪ͷӶ˵ЩʲôݳǡҲΪСèעӲǵĲץġ 



ھ 

ݻһͣҰԼڷͷһϣ˵ҪַһҲѣֻڻһǾ䡰⡱ҲŷҶԻһ˽֮٣Ҫ˼Ե÷ǳѡ 

Ҳ߶ʮһһ˼ݷֻҪ˵ĵطҾܴпӵ˼ǵģֲСɳʲôôµҪҡ⡱ֱ˵ͺˡ 

˿ߵʮ֣һŻûţҲͨҵĵ绰ιܾǽ桭 

𣿡һʵ 

ǵģذ칫ʱա 

ʮһ֮ǰҶز˰칫ҡɣѷ͵ַǷµ1101Է1918լ𣿡 

ףһʱӦһѾѵ绰ˡûӦҵֵǷǳʵذѻһĵַ 

û취νʳ֮»Ҿ֮£һʰһ߸СΤ˸绰гб䡣 

ҺҵĳѾˣҿųԷãһţһȻס¥ʮĴȻҲϺͻһȣֱС׼ס 

Ұ壬ӦûǻһڲӦţұԼŽȥ 

Ȼûˡɳʱһִ˳һ¡ðɣϰеȾֻеˡ 

ⷿӡĿװ޵øûʣɫаƻ컨׳ɵˮΣȫ׼Ҿ߲ƸšֹϸñĲáͬЩ֮²۵С裬ȫǼֵƵľƷһжʾ˲жƷζС 

ϧ̾ϧţôƯķһûС﷢ֲһĶһ껨һݣһֻ϶ȻúܸɾոµƤɳûһۣ͵̺ɾ룬ĵط˳Ⱦȴȫûбʹùĺۼǣһŷ˵ƬûСôĵطһճǱ 

óұꡱһŵþȻҾԭأǸֻΧһԡʪܵ߳ˡ 

Ҳ֪ԭһһװߵ˿ôԸСһַʪˮǸȵ΢һɫ٣ŹֵĿҡˮ϶£ǳԸеǺͽ˶ţ¼ʵƽ͸ԡҵҼæŤȥģջˡ 

Ϊˡ˵ҽܶ㶼ûдӦ 

ǡҲòܳҽͰ͵˵ 

̫̼𣿡ȡЦҡ 

ûһñ˱ĺáһعͷȥҹ˼һǺԱġ 

𣿡һ˵֪ûлͷһ۵ҲҴҡٵʮӣҺܿͺá 

ߵҵͷ͵һۣǡɼһȳ޳Ⱥһ˫һƬˮӡ㡣 

ɳϣ˿ƽһʮ˻ǵ̫̫𣬱ŮӦﲻɣȴͥ壬ѵһĸĵڶŮȴĵز 

һٻصʱѴ·ˡϹˬëһ߲ͷһ 

дķأûпףһҶɳºʡ 

æѴļݸ 

бɳϿûпϵĳȫţ¶һƬʵؼ΢ͷǰʪ䯺ҵżԸϡ쳤ȣԽмĲ輸ֱӴߵˡԵ̬ӰͻԳһΣյԸҵĶ 

ã̧ͷҿһۡͻȻɨѸƿһƳҺѴпУվҪȥͣҲһɡ˵ 

õƽĿǶţҵľ㵣һѼǷݷߵűߵϣ˳ŵЬӡֻиˡ 

˵ݣһǰ棬Ҹں棬һ·ȥȻͣɫܳԡҲ̾˿ȥֻͣһͶѣôǵÿȥԣ¡صȥһ 

㻹Ÿʲôһڳ̽ͷʡ 

п˵ 

ȡϳ˵ 

ֻϳԼѾʼϰڷˣȥ˵Ҿͻڽˡ뵽㣬鲻ԽĴ˸ 

ǸдǼ̽ʡ 

һϾشҵĻ˵ûô˯ɣ 

˯һᡣ˵֪Ϊʲôܿҵ⣬Ҳû취ıƽ̬￴Ǽݷ⣬֮ܶƺʱ̸¡ǵģʱȣõҹӰ࣬һŰļ 

еʱϢһ°ɡһ˵ 

ҿһۣȻĿģһƵĻ˵ҷǳ졣 

ôˣ㲻𣿡ʡ 

ˡɵϲŻϼأҿαϱ۾ 

ʵ̫ˣֻһ˯ˣֻ֮óе䣬ʶҵֻضһȻоů 

֪˶ãϵůͻȻʧˣһе棬ɣǵˡ 

ۣһңû뵽һѹҿں޷¶ݣںҶָֻ֮һ߽Ӳ 

³ɡһ뿪˳ 

ʼ磬滪һһ˲Ҵ֪ôһɫʽĲȻȴ顣 

ڴ˸λºһ̴ӸǸˣֱߵһߣͻһ˵Żλһǵһιҵ꣬Ļ൱Ϥ 

λ̴ӵ˵ͷ뿪ˡһңвԵĶ𣿡 

ûС 

Ǿͺá˵ҸղŰСţǺҴŲףֽԵ˵˵Ķ 

˿ĵ𣿡ʡ 

˵ȻЦˣҵһο¶ֵģõЦݡ 

٣һ㣡 

ҾڻһĨЦʱһˬʺ˹ҿȥһͻһǳƵ˹ͬϳ顣 

˵ˣ̾͹ˡǸЦţĻһļ 

òſһ˵ 

ΪҲͦʱûѽһ˵졭˵ͻȻע⵽ҵĴڣʣһѣ 

ǵģǡ 

棬󻮲һӿ˵ 

ãǻһʣһĶ硣һҵ֣ͻȻת˻ʵϲ𣿡 

ϲҴû˵ѣĲϲɾĻطõúرҲƯ 

ɫʰɡҸร棬ҷǳϲһ˵ʳǳɿڣҿҲŮ࣬ȢѪͳĺӣǶ 

ҳԾЦˣѽ˲ء˵ 

磬Ҳ̫ˡһЦ˵ 

Ȥѽǲ棿һЦ˵ 

һ˲̾ˣһ֪ҵ£ҺͷӵԼΪʲô 

Һϲร档һһߴӹӣǰϣһ˵һҪĵ¼Ӱ㿴һม 

ŻһʵıӰ˵Ǻϲء 

Ϊֻˣܽ԰ɡһ˵ 

Ŷʱ̸ֹͣһᣬһᵽǼݷ 

ݺȻ֣ڣֻѡֻһݽҵĻύһݸң 

ݡҲ˼ػش˵ 

Ϊʲô 

ǶĺȻЩ̣ǲǲԷּۻۣҪһ㣬˻һһۣ˵Ҿǳӭ˼ 

Ƴһۣ㲻ǸΪǰ𣿡 

˼Ǻ͹˾ΥĻҲô˵ 

ôҪѡһݸĻֻѡһݣ 

ڶݡ 

Ϊʲô 

صһݡֻǾܵıǵĳ⣬ԷҲкôͿԽи֡ 

նԷ 

ҲÿԷա 

ãһ⣬Ϊȥʿ̸ôһݺȥ 

һݡ 

һЦЦĿңΪʲô 

ڿŵйϣӻĻҾòʺεĺҪ߹ԷΪڵĻʱȲϲʵҵһݷ򵥣ԷĵطҲ࣬ԷӦǲԿԷͬ⣬İѳӴȡ˫ƽ⡣ΪŹƽҶԷҲ׽ 

ȻˣΪʲôҪݲͬķ 

Ҳ᲻֪ 

ǸϲȡֵˣǸܵ˾Ϊڹ鷳ԲôӦҰɣ 

Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻðɵ 

΢΢Цţ治ÿ㣬Ҳҵġ 

пҽסֹ 

ͲĻ̸ѾˡͶʲҺ㣬һȥһһ仰Ѿˡ 

ԹߣһʹȻһ¼ӰңҪúõر棬֮һҪ 

ʮ 

ͶʲĲǸﲻһǸˣЦݣΪĹػǰ˺ֳĿǰҺûĶ 

һμκͲĻ̸û¶һ㲻һҵļЦ˵ǲһοˣͰ 

ЦЦûдǻΪ֪Ҫ 

ټʿ-³һ㶼û䡣ǰšأоֹߵķȡڿʱ΢΢Цˣƺҵĳ֮С 

ϯ˳ǻһͷĩλҡʿǱ֮߳⣬ֻһǽ˵Ǹ˽г̼ 

˫󣬺ܿı⡣ⶨĺʿ֮û˵̼Ȼ̧ͷݺȷûи𣿻ǰӦȳֵ˽ǲɣӵеĿɲֹһม 

ʿ˰ֹס˳̼Ϊ飬ΪķºͶǵ˵·𲻾һۣʽչѸ٣ϵ˲ţ¸ͽƣǼĹ˾ѡΪ̳ĿĺҸеǳˡΪֻҪг⣬û̸£ 

ʿⷭѴλĿˡʿ˵ģ˴кԸҪǰᡣǲܸĵģںԼûǰ˫ϸڿ̡ 

˿ҶԼķûģǳڶʿ-³˻˽⡣ĸ̰СأǽǫأӱȥжǺΣյģοѺ˱ˡʿǸивŸɵˡ 

̸ټСʱ˾ңֻƣһӿֻ˺ƽȴ˾ƵһͷؽᣬƮ 

ھƵſʿͳ̼תңѽе˰ɣôǳɲรվȰɡһҵ˵ȥˡ 

Це㲻֪̾˫֮ͬһΪҺ㣬ʲô˶ܽܡǰܹɦšˣľٶҲԾĽˡæƿһʱûע⵽µ̨ףˤȥʱһʵı۰Ѹٵ˹ʱؽסҡ 

ڸʲôһõʵ 

æ˵Ҽеˣؼҡ 

ҷشӻһĻѳվֱ˵û¡ģڸоöˣҿԼȥ 

ǿ㡣һַңȻתͷ˵ֲȻȥɣ֪סģ˳ȥˡ 

ףȡһ¡ҾڻһİţԣһѾҵķԣƽܳˣһߺһ߶ԴͲ˵һȡȻ뿪˾Ƶꡣ 

ܾҵ˼ǡ 

ҵ˼ǣйٶ۵ġؽӹҵĻ˵㲻ǺƣڷաԼ֪𣿡 

ף 

ҶϢһ°ɡһ˵ǵģû뵽۳ 

дŵͶҵĽţͻȻ˶ж𣿡ɵαϣ۾˵Ƥ 

̫߹㣬˵Ĺȫѹһϡһ˵Ȼƽƽģȴúܸˡ 

ڳһԹңЦʡ 

һۣûлش 

Ϊʲôֲңһᣬʡ 

Ϊ㿴һؼҵӡ˵ 

ǣҿһؼҵ𣿡 

ֻǱѡ񡣡һʵ˵ 

ЦˡһżʵǸĮˡ֮ƺ˵Щʲôǳص˯Ϯм֮Ҿ˯ȥˡ 

ʱҷԼڻһܳǳѾͣˣһҲѾڼʻλˡһַ˯ǰά״̬αŵˣС͵Ƥϳ䵱ӵһװװϳڻһζ 

ҸϵİɡҲֻ֣Ϥĵط˯ģǾȻڻһĳ˯ôԼúܲ˼顣 

ҿЦţκ³һ紵̲ס²ӣȻطԼվɳ̲ϡʱɫףڿɳֻ̲վһˡ 

һ۾ͿǸǻһ޷ϵļʵļ米˫ֱۣ׵ͬɫ㣬һ˫޳ȡʹʮԶȻܸоɢģԵϢ 

ҳ˹ȥҿʱװݻ 

û˰ɣӹ·ʡ 

ʲô 

ǵЩա 

ǸԼĶͷ˵ѾûˡˣΪʲôط㲻Ҫһؼҵ𣿡ʡ 

ҲҵԿףǰԿ׷ڳˡ̫Ҳû취ȥãԡЦ˵ 

ôһ˵ҺаԿ׷ڳϰߡ 

ҲûôõҼңֻίڳϢһһ˵ 

ҡۡһЦ˳ҹҹڶһûҧ㲻ţҪ㸺ΰɡ 

һۣҵĳЦƽķ˵ҿһҪ˼ţмвҸΡ 

㿪ʼ˽ˡЦ㻹˽ʲô 

֪ԼҲʿֳֻҲѡ 

ʿȻؿҲתңԭͰÿµɳ̲ڸǾŵ˾ÿֲϢؿңƲпɫ档 

ҵʣش˵ҪװʲôҲ֪ӣǸʿ-³ӽſʼͲϵڿ㣬Ų֪ǸѾҵ˿ǵĹϵĵزɡ 

ǵĹϵԭһҺʿġҵĺһӾͱȫƻˡν˽⣬ܲ档䵭˵ 

֪ǲҵܲ⡣ʿ-³˹-ĻгٻԺѵ᲻֪Щʲôڿ𣿡 

֪ǸˣҲϣڰмҵ˶סһ˵ѰҿǸһ쵽ֻŹ˵мˡ 

ҵһ˲䱻šһţҲ֪ΪʲôôѹӦϰ˱ӵ۹ˣ𣿿ΪʲôҵĻʹ 

Ĭһᣬҵˣǿȴʹ̩ȻҵЦѽôһ˵Ҳŷֵԭ츳ĲأƼþͺܿϧˡ 

𣿡һӲ˵ȻˣôҰɡ 

ʲôҳһ 

㲻ҪʹҰǾ跨Ұձ˻Ůһ츳Ĳܣ㻹˵аɣһͻȻְҳĻұܵӿҴعֻһֱֻǳɵİҵ˫ַһֻѹҵĺԣǿ̧ͷĴ䵽ҵĴϡ 

ȵĺҵԵˬζ˲ҵıǻ˱ңǸȫƲмɵǣȴʹͷĿѣһѡⷽǾḻңһγˡζ 

òףһ뿪ҵĴںڵ۾ضңѲ˵ŭָҵЦˡ 

ٵЦ޷ԼյøҼǿżٵĺ˵ҡҡûҡ 

ΪѾϰˡ˵û뵽ֻһǻ 

㡭ˣԭģڰβȡ죬ȴǾ仰ĴϢ 

ҾڵеҪջҵˡңһΰץ˻ 

ι㡭̧ͷһţһûַסҵĴ⡭쵰вʵſңһһ˵꣬Ūôñ˿ɳ̲ϵļӵ𣿡 

˭룿Уһ㶼ԽԽңҵû˿Ӱ죬ùҵһʱر̱ϵңһ߳Ǹͼȥǵǡ 

֮䣬ҷҵڲ֪лĲӣͷĴ࣬ɫͷ׵ʪ鲻Խػ 

⡭ļһһôţһ߸ıңҵҡһζĿҧˣǱϸ壬żеĿҡǾһƬϼһһΣֱǾƣʱڷſҡ 

κһνǶҪݱңҪ뿪Ļһȴսֱۣҵͷѹϣǿ׳༱ٶš 

Ҫ㣬һ¾ͺãҪ 

΢ɳƵסҡһ߻һľ˼ӡ 

ǸҾú𺳲ѵģǹ޷ܵİȫУ·ѰõĹ 



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ģһоκˡ 

ʮҲȷȷʵʵһ㣬߲İҵˣΪȲҵĻرһһ뿪ҡҴӲڡ 

ҵĸһνͨĸɱѳ飬˲ҡĸ׵Ҹûˣڣ˵һֻΪ׶ΪΪһ͵ġաǳĵġաҲǰ׳յġա 

Һĸ׺󣬲òͬŵųѪҺһҵֱңҺĸͬһˣһ˾ͻʧȥңһֻˣΪ˶ɵϡ 

ҵֱͨ׼׼ȷʸߴٷ֮ʮϣ˵ƭ˵ģҷǸģҲðҲãʲôסҵģҪҵȫɣҵ 

һǸǸ⣬ǣҲǡǸʱһҵǣӦѾˣ˭޷ͬʱ 

ǶŻˡ뵱ô𾪣Ŀգ֮ǰ֮û취ʳǾ䡰ǲǰˡĻһ˴ֲĿʼ 

ζУ˭ûȥǸǵ塣һʱĳ嶯һε⣬ʲôãûκĳΪȥ 

һǻ뻪ԼûһҵģǲǴּ¶飬Ҫ侲ģɫİ֡ 

Ͳʵҵ״λ̸һеϸڻڴ֮УѾҵˣҵĹֻص󻮲ճС˼죬СΤͻȻ֪ͨң˵һҪң̵İ칫ȥ 

̾ȥˡǸ֮ǻûе档ڵѾʺ飬ټҵҲ˿Ķҡ 

ܾ£ƿһ칫ҵţԶǶʵ 

°ɡ˵ 

۾ںҶϵһ˲΢֮⣬֮ٻصϣõأܲƵĶңҲ򶨵ػڡ 

ãƿĿ⣬¶󡢰պĳ޷˵顣 

ʲô𣿡ٴʵ 

㻹ǵǽʵҵǷݺ𣿡һָƽصĮ˵ҵ˵ͷݸһļͶʲǴ֮Ľ 

ҽӹļϸһ£е̧ͷ 

ƺΪǱǼΪЭһ˵Ϊأ 

ҳĬš 

бҪô⣬ôΪ𣿡һƳһۣƵĲɣ 

ҿڵĮµһһú׼һ͸һ˿ġ 

ϲҪ̵ġ˵ܾ̬Ⱥ֣㲻Ըǵĺ𣿡 

˻üͷ 

Բ˵⣬һʼͲκһòֱԲ䡣 

ΪΪԭ𣿡һŭ˵Ͳʿʲô˽飬ҲΪʶ˽졭˵ͻȻסˣϵıԼй¶¡ 

ô˵һڼ𣿼ǸΪ˹һ˽ʿ-³Ժҵطţȴɰš 

һǶû˵͵ľĬ֮ɢʵ֪ǸûᣬֻҪɵģЦƵķʽιΪʿŲԸЭòѾҰɣôһһŭķ˵ûаҡһ֮ٲһΡ 

ôˣȣ㣬òǡ 

ʲôǡѸٶıĴҵĻôһʵҵ뷨 

͵һֿۣɬ顣һǵһζˣôƽʣӦ꣬ԴǱ׾ҲԼֲеľСϵģĻһȴһ٣ٶԼ塣 

ôΪҸЭ𣿡ãҲ˻һþʵ 

ҲǾߣֻǰվߵ˼ȥµ˶ѡҰ׻ظ 

ҵ˼֪ҵ˼𣿡 

ǵġ 

һûȥˣȥͶʲЭһ£ʣµĲȥ̰ɡ 

ǡӦһҵļ뿪İ칫ҡ 

ô˵أϷǿҪ߳أѾ߳ˣ 

Ҵ̵Ѿһĳֽ̼С΢ˣΤС̸᲼Լһһ㡢һĺšҵԲ㱻ĥˡ 

صĵ̱ɳϡ벻ȥˣ͵ʿ̸ֱɡٺͳ̼ȥµԼҲǩء 

ǳֺõĹˣϷҲҪˣȻһʿĴףʾʼںˣôϹʱҲԶˡҾͶͷݴʰɡΪڲ֮Ҳǳлʰٷ֮߹ȨСɶ͵ΪԼԤȴˡ 

һһ˦ף㵽ԡܸԡմɳվꡱһ죬һҵĶɳϵʰһԭǻһĸ绪һʽҵǺ¼Ӱ˵顣Ϊæһֱûп 

һ˵ĻͻȻ뿴ĳ嶯Ұ¼ӰŽ¼Ӱɳ£ң򿪡 

Ҷǵӻֻ˶̶ʮӣסˣ⡭ʲô黭⣬⣬ǣǡ 

侲Ұ¼ӰȻ跨Լ侲û׼ĲǻһʶǻһӦ˵ȫ޹أһŴϣһŮšڴϻ¡λ𣿾ǳ˯һ¡ 

ûпǸŮ磬һӡô˵¼ӰһҪ׽ڴ֤֡ӦҲǳǵȺãΪͷһֱͬһǶȡʣģֻһˣ͵ġ 

ǻһϲԼܵܵĴµ𣿻˵뿴ǺԼƵ£Ϊ̬ˡһźͻһʼƬΣҾûһʲˡֻǣ¼ӰҲһҪʱر𣬻һǹдӽҵġ 

Ϊʲôô˻пԭǹģҺܿ϶Ҫҿ֮ʲôӦ 

룬ȻԻһʧ񣬵һ´¼ӰڽİСʱһֱǶŮڴϵļ黭棬Ĳʶ˵ĻҴŻΪڿ͵ĻӰƬɣΪλǣеĿŮΣһһпͷһͣ˵Ŀٲ˷УһĴϷȻ 

ͻȻôȻһûˡ¼ӰһѾΪһӦܵĿˡ 

ûĶϿжҹδȥӦüʱѰ֡ҹص¼Ӱ绰ʾҵĵ绰˹ȥ 

ι򡣡˵绰ңǰ죿ԲæȻôܻءţԶԣиõ飬صȵ죬ǽͿһˡģġҳһ¡ȥ˹ƵôǵȻΪҪĴõģҰɡҽˡ 

µ绰ȥԡȻ·ҲȥǺ¼Ӱˣ鲻ǣһ֪Һͻ֮ԼºϷٳ棬˻һ뿪ˡ취ңһϲŮˣܻİΪ˵ҡΪ¿˵ƾ޷˵ңҲòǧŪôһ¼ӰҡĿáˡ 

ΪˣҸͬܵܣҲ벻ļ˻ΪӵĴ¾һ˹Ͱɡ 

⳵죬֪ˣǹ˳ȥ 

٣˧硣ڳЦŶ˵ 

٣Ůһһ߻Ӧÿѽ 

Ϊ̫ˣһῴһȥءϳ˵ 

ллôҡЦʱ 

ĸʲôֲڿ佱㣬ſңüͷ˵˵ʵ˭Եˡ 

ڲʲôҽѡม 

Һܸѡҡһ߿ųһεؿһۣҲ˵棬һʯͷģȻ㲻оҵİ 

ô᣿ʯͷڽأ 

ΪҪ 

һơˣŮڸǳе 

Ĭ˵棬ǸŮˣɨ𣿡 

ֻǡҲҲ㣬ǸŮˡ 

棬е˵ҴͲʲôŮˣҰɣһġ 

ҵ˼ǡ 

Ļ˾ӦĻŮˡ˵ͷңİɡ 

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ӿ˹Ƶϴ˸裬ϰʱٴγš 

ռƻֱӵʵҵȥʿ-³ΪûԤԼ 

ôܾҡҶλǳƯС˵ҺܱǸûԤԼĲ㣬ֻҪ˵ǻʵĽʿһҵġ 

ɡλСǳнĻشֻܴܲԤԼ˵ȥҲǹ涨 

ұʾǳ˵ҷǳ־ҵʱʹһЩмĵȥʿȷ಻㣬ǡҿ˵𣿾ʿҲûϵҷǳ£ʵʵ˵ҿû¸ɣ鷳ţ磬ʧ߻ĵط𣿡 

ȷǳ죬Ȼ´ҡ˵ҲΪˡ 

ֻ鷳ˣ׷һ䡣 

ǵģǻ鷳ˡЩε˵ 

Цˣ㲻صģȻͬҵʿȣȻҲΪˣֻҪͨһʿǷܳռҾˡ 

㣬 

ֻǾжˣЦҷǳ԰ˡ 

ʮӺ˳ؼʿ-³ 

ʿİ칫Ӵҡ⡣ʿЦ˵ȴûһı顣棬Ұ칫ҳһ 

ʿ-³Цź֣ҵ칫һߵĮ̇£˵⣬̸ֹȴݵ÷·һж֮С 

ȵʲô𣿡 

㡣˵ 

˵Ǹܶܵˣ1828ĺƿ𣿡 

˵Ѿڲ֪ˡ 

ԡ˵ʿӦòµõҽðζ̸̸̳ǵĺġ 

ţҴܲµõѾƱݸ˵Ȼ˵̵ˣĳҵ֮СҲ׵ǣ˶٣ƺǺϲ̼ 

ѽҾȻʿᡣ˵֪ҾͲˡ 

ŶֻǾ֡ 

Ϊ̫ȱˡֱ˵ΪֺǺʺʿģΪеĴȫǲҪġ 

ˣʿȴһݵĿңΪ治绪ʣ 

˵ڵĲȻǿӹɵ£ԤƵķչǱȴǻռţķչٶǲʵҵıʿ᲻֪꣬ʾͻɣʱͲǲҢǰˣʻΪʵĹʻҵ 

Ԥ򣬻ǻһԤ򣿡 

Ҳ͹ʿǻۣ˵۾ȥͷȥԤ⡣ 

ʿû뵽һ˵ôֱӡڰ̨ϣ岻ԥã˵־ɵĴȴõľɵģϳˣӵһȺɫˮ֣ÿһḻô̺˷ˣ޾աٺõĴĸһҲᱻ̺ûġѵ˲治ĸﲻеʱˡңǿ׼ʱİɣһʼ֪ҵԸˣ 

ҵЦһ֪ʿжĵֻûϵô 

ʿЦңһѾˣټ㡭ҶԽԽȤˣ档 

ǧȤš 

Ը㡣ʿ˵ 

ףʲô˼ 

Ϊһϲ㡭ѽʿһΪȻĿ˵㣬Ļҿú޷ζĹ⣬ĵĳ̶Ѿ˾֮ķΧˡ 

Դǿ˵ʵκ˵е롣 

棬ʿЦ÷ǳ˼˵Щ۾ȥͷȥԤġ 

ԣ˵ 

ԣҲžͻʺġʿ˵Ϊڻһߡ 

û뵽ʿôʵİʹҲò˵ԵǲøȥжϺġ 

ûϵЦ˵ζĵԼ۹⣬ҲῴͻһڵĻһܰǰһ󲽵ġ㣬϶˵벻һģҲ벻㡣 

ʲô˼Ҿȵʡ 

ҵ֤ҲŪģʱˣ֪ˡҷѽЦ˵ 

ʿŵŵ̬ȣôһ˲䣬Ϊ˵ʵΪһҵʵģܲ⡣ 

ҴµĺԻΪ׼˫ͬ´ӡ뿪ʵҵʱԾɺͿúܣʿӦ˻쿪ֻΪȷŻһңǸġѭǵѺߡ 

Ҳ˵ʿǸΪôǸȻòʵҵðһա 

Ҳѹ֣ҰѺʿ¶ĺһʱôԾš 

ȻҲӦ㾿ʲôһûаϲãֻǾĿңʵ 

һ汻ˣôشãߣߡҳɻȥͻȻǸķ 

ЦʿˣҲǸ󡣡һ̬䵭˵֮ǰǸ̼Ǻôʱ䣬ڣң㾿ʲôʹȫӦǩԼģ 

Ʋ˵ҴĿǸϢǻһʾͬʵ̬Ȳϵ׷ңҲľίʧȻѾСˣøǹʱһϣܵõǹѽ 

ȻǸľͷҲǷǳǵģ΢΢һЦͻȻ׽Ū֮ģʵ֪ҾʲôʹʿӦ𣿡 

һ˵ͷ 

һЦһ죬¶µǺ˵һССĴۡ 

˲䣬һ̧ͷһɿǸǺۣ£ҧһһֵʵ 

ıܿ£ɲʱǻĸо촽ʱһһ־ҵ졣ң˸һ޷Ъֹŭ𣬡ģ𣿡 

ҡ 

û¡ŭһȫѹ졣а취а취е˳֮£Ÿ⸱塭ץҵֱۣ˰ڵϣ漴ѹҡ 

Ǵֲŭˣܵңһ߳Űǣһ߿ƲסĵĿ־ţȻ󡭡ᵽһŨѪζҧҵĴ 

ںʲôſҵĴ˵Ҫջҡ˵꣬Ĵҵ˿ڣҵĥšʹ޷ܵģֱÿһ񾭵ĿСҴ֪ԼǸŰֱ£ŵõ壬һȼεţ֪ԼҪĻҪ󻶡 

ҸоһʱŷԼǳˣѿǺе 

ٽдһ㣬е뿴ֵˡһҶߵҲ⣬⡣ĴҵĲӣǺ۵ĵطݺݵҧȥ 

ءҧŴţʹᶼˡҽӳڴûб۸һҼסһʹһߴϢšһҵıʱ֪ȥĵңȫʹýӵС 

󣬻һڷſҡұ۾ǴζĿҹӡһʱ֮ҲܶҲ붯Ҹ뿴ôǱԼֻϣΣ۵ʱһҲԵĶʧ 

ԸΥҸоһ˹ر˻ңҿϡյĲͬڼĴУۡ 

һ´ˡͷң͸εĿ⣬þõעң֮̾˿һ߶ְҴ·һ߷Ƶĵ˵Ӯˡ 

˵ʲôҾĵ 

ҰֵĶľ֡ⲻҪ𣿡 

쵰û˵㰮ҡԼ˵˲˵Ļ̾ס˿ڡ 

һϾǸٿ̧ͷŹȴֹסϲá𣿡ʵѾչֹϵֻҪһûж˵֣ͲӮ𣿡 

յ˵ҪϻҪʲôѾ̫ˣһסص㡣 

һЦţһһĿң棬벻ҲʧʱϷҪܾãɡЦҵͷҵŭݱסҡ 

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 һ 

ҴӲ֪һˣЦһһļЦ 

ҵ£ͷӰŵģҲñ󻮲ʺʡһЦݵ˵ 

ҪʲôʣЦֻҼڰҸ 

Ҳô˷˲šһһڷϣҲ͹棬Ҫҵߡ 

ҡҿɲߣҰ֪һûϷĴ㣬ȴòȥΪֻҪ̵óͷʮǧ 

һȥҹ䣬Ѿ֪Լȫˡ㲻ôϽ𣿡 

û취˵ΪͷӰһæҪȥл 

ʲôæ 

׽һ㣡ЦҪжᡣ 

ιǵʵǴòãûңԲԣ 

˭˵ģ 

ףǰˣҷǳ졣 

Ҳûô˵Ц˵ 

㡭ҵۣΪ֮ᣬ׽ŪҺȤ𣿡 

§ס˵ȻϷѾõҪʮǧˣҲõҪˣⲻǺܺ𣿡 

һ㶼ã˵У˵Ҫʲô 

ȵĿңдţɣ֪ɣҴѯʵ飬ָָԼһ΢Цŵ˵ͷ 

˿ͻȻѹѸٵһı۰뿪İ칫ͣȥ 

ҪȥһͷԼʮǧʮǧҲ֪һʲô㣬ҿóأÿÿЦҾ;òҵֱңܵĻҲӵõٳپûлˡ 

ҵĳڻǰͣ¡ܼҰؿңЦһΪ˭أүϵóӶðˡ 

أԲܸܲͷ˲òҼææʵ 

үں԰ҪҴȥ𣿡 

лˡһߴһ԰ȥԶԶı㿴һڻ԰ʯԡ 

ͷӣҽе 

ף氡ϲʵôˣ 

ԼġûйĨǣֱ˵⡣ 

ƺȻɫ˵𼱣棬˵ºʣ˵Լܸܲɣ 

ɣ 

Ҫиɰɣ˵ 

˵ɣԼҲǺֻǱܵӣúֲܲõԤС 

ҪԼԼʮǧǣȷŻһ˵仰˵֪ԼȫʱҾѾˡ 

棬ǹҰԼݸһ𣿡ʣǲڲķΧ 

֪˵ʧˡ֮ԸڻһǰԼ£˵ɶľ֣Ϊ֪ǸĹϵͻһĸԣΪȥһ䣬û뵽ļ֣һҪԼ顣 

㲻һѾ𣿡ʵһĹȥǷϣôΪҲһˣЩĹͣ档 

޶ԣʵ 

㲻ɹֻһ𣿡 

á˵ҲŲܻһĻ᲻ᣬҲ᲻ᰮңֻҪ׿ڶ˵һ䡰Ұ㡱ѣҵжϣǼǲˡ 

ӱ𣿡ʡ 

ӱҲãʲôãҶѾˡҲֽ˵һʱ䣬һ֮һỹʮǧȻʽԼ 

ҲӦһ˵ 

һŴ󲽣һӾߡᶨңӣҲ뿪ҵġ 

㣬ƾʲô 

ƾǻһһ˵İɣҲܵĻġ 

ΪʲôҲĵĽеֲңΪʲôҪң 

ġ 

ôǰƵʵ 

㲻֪𣿡ץҵļʡ 

֪ʲô 

ҵġ˵㲻֪һ취֪ġ˵꣬ͻȻҴᱧ 

ѽ㡭ʲôɫһףʧؽе 

һҵһһ˵ͷӣ跿һá 

ãã˺ЦӦûǵԼķɣ 

ȵȣ⡭ʲôհһץסһ·ʵǸӺͺ𣿡 

ͺãһĽŲûͣЦһ۱ŵ˵Ǵûгѽ 

Ȼұƭװһӣʵȴйͨ૵˵ҲʱûеΪΪ 

ˣ棬һ˵ǲֻǿ˴˻еʹѡ 

ף̧ͷԵĿ 

֪𣿡ʡ 

㲻˵Բ˵֪Ϊʲô֪ܺȴǿ˵ 

ҲκһЦ˵ҲѾǰˡǰûΪʵţ˾Ƶ˸С͵䡣ͷӺǰʱ˳˾統ҲְҲΪзˡ 

ҵһһͷְ֡ 

¹֮кóһʱ䶼زɥ˹ţͷҸеΣΪʱûбĴǾһֱûа취Ա˴ˣȥҲǰ취ΪúõȥҲžġ 

ԭˡ 

ͷҲ֪˳ȥңûĴӰ߳Ϊ˰ңⰲϷҲŻڳǰ 

òңж޴˵ҲѾͷҲ˵ҸŮġ 

㻹𣿡ңֿ˵ΨһһץסҵģҴǸӰ㡣ң΢ЦңͷӴһʼûдʲôŮӡ 

ʲôͻȻı䱿ˡ 

ҪͷӰɣϼУֻԼֱ 

ŵصۣҽһʮģʵͷӸˣ 

һûüԼʵͻȻڲ֪б˷һŴϡ 

ⷿôôϤΡ̨ơܡǴŴȵȣЩҼһģһ״ɫڷŵλöһֻǿĽǶ¡̧ͷ˻һһ˫̽ۡ 

ʲôʵòӳȥɣ 

ӣˣһڷʲô֮ǡˣһı۰ʹסҵж 

ҵĴݣҲϵ򲻶ϵǰƣ˳ҵȫʧǴ֮ϡ 

ȡһ¡оƲҴϢŽеڣڸʲô 

ôֺα֪ʡЦ˵ȵĴˢҵĶһ 

šſҡۿһֱҵȥˣҼôУ˲ѿĽе٣ٰѡǸص١ 

ʲôһĴҵǻţʵ 

ңҿ㵽Ĵ¡ 

ҵĻʹ̧ͷˡңȵʵ㿴ˣ 

øҵǺ¼Ӱ 

侲˰ɡһȴȻһҪ˼ûС 

Ǹǰ硭ʵ 

ǲصɣֳԾĵֻ棬ѵһ㶼߳𣿡 

ǰȫϵͳ֮һÿһ䷿䶼ӰûҪ˭Ҳȥġ 

ֻĽͶѣʵҾͿˡ 

Ƕصø㿴ſѽ 

Ȼ֪Ϊʲôصֶҿʡһ㲻ùһƬġ 

ΪҪݼ㡣һ˹˵㲻ϵԲŴӺͷһѵġ 

㡭˵Ҳͬı𣿡ҾȵôС 

˵ͬı̫ˣֻΪϷһȤˡ 

㣬㱻˿ò𣿡 

ᰡֻı㿴᲻⡣ 

޷˼룬ҷ˵ðɣΪģʵһҲںڡڴϵңôܡ 

ʲôõĵģҼͷֲ¼Ӱȥ 

˵㱻ҲûϵΪǱǷޣ֮ǺģҶеġ 

˵ˣ棬ΪǷޣమ˻ġһĿָˡ 

మˣû˵ҡ 

ھ͸㡣΢΢һЦѹҡ 

ƻĺꡣ̲סŭ˳ 

ô˵ԡһ˵ֱܿҲջ񡣡Ĵ뿪ҵǣһֱ£䵽Ѿ¶ŵؿϣҡһܲĴ̼˳ 

ҪҲҪֵط 

ƭĴ۸Σж̨ӰĿ־壬һˣּί̲ס˳ 

һſң˵棬㣬ڿ𣿡ȥҵᣬʧ˵Բ𣬶Բ㲻ҪޣȻΪ¶ޣ㻹治ͨĵء 

Լ̫ˡҳţ 

ˣ档ǵģ˵ʹεؿңЭʡ 

ңҪ뿪ĵҲ˵ 

áһˬ˵ַҡ 

ףô˳̧ۿ 

·ȥһ߰ҿϿһ˵ 

ԣˡԼȥæһ䡣 

ǵȻСЦţϴԵңҪΪҷŹˣΪĵûŵĶҲĵû˵ม 

죡ĵҲӲˡ 



  

糿ұһˣδۣȷ˵Ĵں󣬲ŻۡӳһƬıϰߣϲ˯ѱҵؿϡ 

Ұƽ΢µľ˿ůůļϢϤϢһɳǻԵҸ 

ûһľһ˵ºζһһԼͬԱˣҵľǱ׽סˡռþһзߡ֪ᳳذļתԼ 

ŶݵܿٴλһȻüʣͦɫԸеƯ޷߱һ˺ŮΪ֮ʡΪҪʣҽ켴ʹӵҲе¡ҳϵֺŵìܣȲҸԶҲҪС 

--棬ͻȻˣΪ˺Ҹ׵һֽԼߡԸҲʱľܣĲʱӵУһлƴҵı۰ʰ¶ɵ 

ҰŵľһˣҰԲ˵ǷԼͣҰ㡱ֳΪһӵĽֻҪ˵ˣͻԶȥһǸмԼĴڣһεεذߡ 

šϢصضһ£Ȼ΢΢ʵ˫ۡ 

磬档Ц 

磬ˣֱۣʵ 

һ̰˵㡣 

ʲôɲʱ˯ȫޡҴææڱ·Թǵģôңļϣ⻬ʵӡҹŬϵǺۣǿЩǺĶµػţʳָˡ 

ǿûӦعͷһۣضϵǺڿʱߺһſ 

˵ʵڵģʶʱҸ޷һ׺ߵˣԼ˫󵨵˵ҪҰˣͬӺȴΪҵһһЦǺɰû˵ 

ôٵˡȻתͷ˵ 

棬û˿ϵǺ۰ɣʡ 

ϻüͷ 

һЦͷĴȥ繵˱࣬ʹҾ֪ƿңĶûеֿġȻҼǸʱҲ˳ӵػңо𽥼£Цһ㶼û䣬ô׾ͱ 

ҵֿʼļߣһ·¸ţĺ伱ˣ૵ 

ѸٷѹסϢʵ 

ڴϣͨ죬΢Ŵһ˫ۿ˵ϰ࡭ҪҪٵˡ 

ҪܾϰĻҲϰࡣ 

ҲҪüԹ˵ϰĻҾһöûˡ 

ô᣿Ҿȵ˵ڴҲð 

һȭ˹ˡ㣬ˣǰһȴԽԽˡ 

ΪںҸסȭͷֿ˵ֻҪҾ;úҸ棬Ұɡ 

ֻҪ˵㰮ҡЦЦ˵ 

롣ҲòӲĳܾӴ 

ҵЦ˵ˣСԢסˣҲ뿪ˣôǸԼ£ 

㻹ڼŰɣȻҲôҪҡһ߰·һ߳˵ 

ΪʲôҰ㣬ȻҲϣ˵ҡ˵ζ 

ҵıӣǾ仰˵ģ˵ģԣûģ㲻᲻֪Բԣ 

ңȻһ˿ЦݣֱѲ˵һҺĶð 

һӡҲ˼ش 

һһһӣɴۣ㡭 

һһǮɣһ컹ʮǧأôһ룬һӾͱúܶ˰ɣǳԾЦ˵ 

ɣ棬˵ǾҲܻſģմһֻѡߣΪ㱣Ļ 


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